Skin Yeast Infection Overview
Candidiasis is by far the most common type
of skin yeast infection in humans. Candidiasis is
infection with Candida
species. More than 20 species
of Candida
exist. Any one of these can
cause a skin yeast infection. The most
common is
Candida
albicans.
These fungii live on all surfaces of our bodies and only
occasionally cause severe skin
yeast infection. Various types of skin yeast
infections are possible, including the
following:
-
Perl èche (also termed
angular cheilitis) is a softening of
the skin with deep creases around
the angles of the mouth.
-
Thrush is a candidal infection of
the mouth and throat. White patches appear in
the mouth. Skin yeast infection such as
Thrush occurs most commonly in the mouths of
persons with chronic diseases including diabetes and
HIV/AIDS, those with neoplasms, and those who use
systemic
corticosteroids.
-
Intertrigo is an irritation of
the folds of the skin. Candidal skin yeast infections
commonly occur in warm moist body areas, such as the
underarms, in the groin, breasts, and under the
folds of the skin of the abdomen of persons who
are obese. Usually, skin effectively blocks yeast,
but any breakdown or cuts in the skin may allow this
organism to penetrate.
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-
Candidal diaper rash affects the
diaper area. It causes candidial skin
yeast infection and the impairment of the
integrity of the skin due to
moisture.
-
Candidal body rash can result
from excess sweating, antibiotic use, or lack of
movement leading to skin occlusion. This type of
skin yeast infection most commonly occurs
in people with diabetes who are in the
hospital.
-
Candidal vulvovaginitis is a
candidal infection of the vaginal
tract. Candida
albicansis a common inhabitant of the
vaginal tract and can result in itching, redness,
irritation, and burning. This is a very common skin
yeast infection symptom.
-
Congential cutaneous candidiasis
results from infection of an infant during passage
through the birth canal. The skin yeast
infection rash appears within a few hours of
delivery.
-
Candidal paronychia is a chronic
inflammation of the nail fold. In some cases, it causes
a discharge with pus, and a soft, watery, swelling of
the area around the
fingernail.
-
Erosio interdigitalis
blastomycetica is a candidal infection between the
finger webs. Skin softening and redness
occur. Moisture trapped by rings is thought to
underlie the condition. Again this skin yeast
infection is more commonly seen in people with
diabetes and those who work with water (eg, house
workers, launderers, and those who are exposed to
strong chemicals).
-
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
is a condition that results from a genetic defect that
leaves those who have it with thick horny skin lesions
and with nail dystrophy.
-
Systemic candidiasis is candidal
infection throughout the body. This condition is
rare. In systemic candidal disease, up to 75% of people
may die. Even common mouth and vaginal yeast infections
can cause critical illness and can be more resistant to
normal treatment. This rash can manifest
with bruises that can be felt. The bruises
result from a reaction and response
to Candida
in blood vessels. Systemic
yeast infections that return may be a sign of more
serious diseases such as diabetes, leukemia, or
AIDS.
Skin Yeast Infection
Causes
Skin Yeast infection commonly called
Candidal infections occur in warm moist body areas, such as
underarms. Usually, the skin effectively blocks yeast, but
any breakdown or cuts in the skin may allow this organism to
penetrate.
Typical affected areas in babies include
the mouth and diaper areas.
In
adults, oral yeast infections become more common with increased
age. Adults can also have yeast infections around dentures,
under the breast and lower abdomen, in the nailbeds, and
beneath other skin folds. Most of these candidal infections are
superficial and clear up easily with
treatment.
In
women, vaginal yeast infections are the second most common
reason for vaginal burning, itching, and discharge. Yeasts are
found in the vagina of most women and can overgrow if the
environment in the vagina changes. Antibiotic and steroid use
is the most common reason for yeast overgrowth. However,
pregnancy, menstruation, sperm, diabetes, and birth control
pills can also contribute to developing a skin yeast
infection. It is interesting to note that skin yeast infections
are also more common after
menopause.
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Skin Yeast Infection
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of a skin yeast
infection (candidal infection) can vary depending on the
location of the infection.
-
In women, signs and symptoms of a
vaginal yeast infection are a white cheesy discharge
that typically itches and irritates the vagina and
surrounding outer tissues. Occasionally, pain may
occur with sexual intercourse or burning may occur with
urination.
-
In infants and adults a candidal
skin yeast infection can appear many different
ways.
-
Oral candidiasis (thrush)
causes thick white lacy patches on top of a red
base on the tongue, palate, or elsewhere inside
the mouth. These patches sometimes look like
milk curds but cannot be wiped away as easily
as milk can. If the white plaques are wiped
away with a cotton swab, the underlying
tissue may bleed. This infection may make
the tongue look red without the white coating.
Thrush can be painful and make eating
difficult. Care should be taken to make
sure a person with thrush does not become
dehydrated when suffering from this type of
skin yeast infection.
-
Candidal organisms
naturally live on the skin, but a breakdown of
the outer layers of skin promote the yeast's
overgrowth. This typically occurs when the
environment is warm and moist, such as in
diaper areas and skin folds. Superficial
candidal skin infections appear as a red flat
rash with sharp scalloped edges. Smaller
patches of similar-appearing rash, known as
"satellite lesions" or "satellite pustules,"
are usually nearby. These rashes may cause
itching or pain.
-
Intertrigo appears as
softened red skin in body fold
areas.
-
Candidal paronychia
appears as nail fold swelling.
-
Mucocutaneous candidiasis
appears with nail dystrophy.
-
Erosio interdigitalis
blastomycetica occurs in the finger
webs.
-
Oral thrush requires medical
treatment and a visit to the doctor. If
children take no fluids for longer than 12 hours,
contact your doctor for possible IV fluid replacement.
Any fever or prolonged problems with feeding also
warrant a visit to a doctor.
-
Diaper rash or other candidal
skin yeast infections can be treated with
over-the-counter nystatin powders (Mycostatin, Nilstat,
Nystat-Rx, Nystex, O-V Staticin) or antifungal creams
and lotions.
-
If the rash worsens at
any time or if the lesions do not clear
up in 1-2 weeks, call a
doctor.
-
Fever, chills, nausea,
vomiting, or the rash spreading to other parts
of the body may be a sign of a more
serious illness.
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When to Seek Medical
Care
Most cases of skin yeast infection
candidiasis do not have to be treated in the hospital. People
with weakened immune systems may have more serious infections,
however, and may need to be hospitalized.
-
Women should go to the hospital
when fever, chills, nausea and vomiting, or abdominal
pain accompanies vaginal discharge. These symptoms can
indicate a more serious problem such as kidney
infections, appendicitis, or pelvic inflammatory
disease. These potential conditions need to be promptly
investigated.
-
People with weak immune systems
run the risk of the candidal organisms growing in their
blood or internal organs, which can cause
life-threatening illness. IV medication may be
necessary to combat this systemic illness. Your doctor
should promptly investigate symptoms of illness or
general feelings of unwellness. However in general skin
yeast infection symptoms can be treated very well
although attempts should be made to find out the actual
cause of the skin yeast infection rather than just
treating the symptoms.
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